EUR lada kalina: malfunctions and solutions, electric power steering does not work, reasons

Classification by operating principle

• Mechanical or electromechanical tachometers with direct drive. The revolutions are transmitted to the dial indicator through a flexible shaft, which, through a worm gear, receives rotation directly from the crankshaft or one of the transmission shafts. The operating principle of the indicator is based on the phenomenon of eddy current induction. The operation and design of a magnetic tachometer are extremely similar to the operating principle of a car speedometer. In modern cars, a similar tachometer design is not used.

• Electric machine. A distinctive feature is the connection to a generator. It is used primarily on diesel engines, but for the purpose of unification, a device of this type can also be used on gasoline engines.
• Electronic. The signal can be taken either from the ignition system or directly from the computer. Installed on gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines.

Design and principle of operation

Main components of electric machine and electronic tachometers:

• measuring unit, or signal converter. It can be based on elements of analog circuitry or built using special microcircuits;
• display unit with analogue or digital display of the number of revolutions;
• auxiliary elements.

The operation of electronic tachometers is based on the conversion of individual signals or pulses captured from the computer, ignition system or generator into a signal “understandable” for the display unit.

Connection diagram

When looking for the reason why the tachometer does not work, it is first of all important to understand the connection diagram and the type of signal. There are 3 typical connection schemes:

• to a contactless ignition system (the tachometer wire is connected to the primary circuit of the ignition coil). The operating principle is based on measuring the frequency of voltage surges in the primary circuit of the ignition system. Calculating the ignition angle is impossible without focusing on the number of crankshaft revolutions, therefore the sparking frequency directly depends on the crankshaft rotation speed. On 4-cylinder internal combustion engines, a full revolution of the crankshaft corresponds to 2 voltage pulses in the primary circuit. Accordingly, the higher the crankshaft rotation speed, the greater the frequency of voltage surges;
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• connection to the contact ignition system. The operating principle and connection diagram are similar to the BSZ, but the design of the measuring unit will differ depending on the voltage of the input circuit;

• connection to the engine ECU. The principle of operation is still based on recording voltage pulses in the primary circuit of the ignition system, but the signal to the tachometer comes from the engine control unit;

• connection to the generator (the tachometer signal contact is connected to terminal W of the generator). The rotation of the generator pulley is carried out by a belt drive from the crankshaft, so the rotation speed of the generator rotor will always be proportional to the crankshaft speed. The change in the number of revolutions of the crankshaft can be calculated by constantly measuring the amount of EMF generated on the winding. According to its principle of operation, an electric machine tachometer resembles a regular one class=”aligncenter” width=”448″ height=”412″[/img]

If you broke down on the way

In recent years, the production of Lada Kalina cars (ECU) of domestic production was replaced with Korean ones.
The kind they put on Hyundai cars. After that, power steering failures became significantly less frequent. But they started installing Korean blocks on new cars. And how many thousands of Kalinas travel all over the roads, with old electronics? Our advice to you is, at the first opportunity, change the electronic control unit on your car to a modern one, you will be healthier.

Electric power steering for modern cars has already become an integral part of them. On the Russian market it was first installed on the Lada Kalina (VAZ 1118). The electric booster added both a lot of positive emotions and a lot of negative ones. Failure of this unit occurs quite often on the first samples. Our guest today was no exception - a car of the Lada “Kalina” family (Fig. 1).

The situation is quite typical: the client complains that the electric power steering sometimes turns off and the electric power steering warning light comes on

This situation is very annoying, because not only the owner uses the car, but also his wife. It is much more problematic for a woman to turn the steering wheel without electric power assistance.

We start the car, and the electric power steering fault light actually lights up and it becomes quite difficult to turn the steering wheel. It is imperative to deal with this problem.

We connect the diagnostic scanner and connect to the EMUR control unit.

On the monitor screen we see the following error: C1044 - incorrect sequence of the rotor position sensor. What is a rotor position sensor and where is it located?

Let's take a break from our malfunction for a moment and touch on a little theory. Let's understand the EMUR device and what main parts it consists of. Let's consider all its parts separately.

Design EMUR Kalina 11186-3450008-00

1. Steering shaft
2. Electric motor
3. Electronic control unit
4. Torque sensor
5. Rotor position sensor

We remove the EMUR. On the nameplate (Fig. 7) there is article number 11186-3450008-00 manufactured by Aviaagregat, Makhachkala.

Remove the steering wheel, steering column switches and ignition switch. To get to the torque sensor, you must first remove the electric motor. We unscrew the bracket with 4 bolts, the cardan shaft, the lock nut and the 3 bolts securing the electric motor.

This is what we got (Fig. 12)

Next we pull out the shaft.

We take out the torque sensor winding (Fig. 17), having previously unsoldered the wires from the board (Fig. 16).

Design of an inductive torque sensor.

The inductive sensor consists of two concentric cylinders with holes (perforation slots), which are fixed to the shaft and rotate with it. And two concentric coils with primary and secondary windings, fixedly inserted into the EMUR housing. We will not go into various terminology, but let’s put it simply: an alternating current with a frequency of 20 kHz is supplied to the primary winding, and if we apply force to the shaft (that is, we begin to rotate the steering wheel), then a voltage “ ” or “-” appears on the secondary winding depending on the direction of rotation, and the magnitude of this voltage is directly proportional to the applied torque (force). Thus, the electronic control unit (ECU) determines with what force you rotate the steering wheel in one direction or another.

So, we’ve dealt with the torque sensor, let’s move on to the next one, namely the rotor position sensor (Fig. 20), which is located on the back cover of the electric motor.

The EMUR of the Lada “Kalina” uses a 3-phase switched inductor (brushless) motor. In order for it to start rotating in one direction or another, the electronics must understand what position the rotor is currently in and, after determining the position, apply voltage to certain stator windings at the right moments. To determine the position, a rotor position sensor (RPS) is used.

Diagram and design of an optical rotor position sensor.

3 optocouplers located at an angle of 120 degrees - LED (LED a,b,c) and photodiode (PD a,b,c), correspond to the location of the motor stator windings phases A, B, C. A disk is installed on the motor rotor, and when it rotates Photodiode a, b or c is triggered. In this way, the electronics determines the current position of the rotor.

Next, let’s look at the electronic control unit EMUR (Fig. 23), we won’t say anything special about it, we’ll just look at the photo of the board itself.

Well, we’ve sorted out the EMUR device, let’s return to our malfunction, with which the owner of the Kalina car came to us. What needs to be done to make everything work as it should? A fairly common malfunction with this modification of the EMUR is poor soldering of the optocouplers on the rotor position sensor board. It is enough to simply solder all the contacts of the optocouplers (Fig. 24) to revive the EMUR, which we hastened to do.

After soldering the board, we assemble everything in the reverse order and start the car. Hurray. The EMUR fault light went out and the steering wheel began to rotate very easily.

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We have a scanner to check parameters and read fault codes, but what should a simple motorist who does not have this equipment do? How to count errors without a special scanner? It's quite simple.

In order to read the self-diagnosis codes of the Kalina EUR you need to:

1) With the ignition off, short the 6th contact of connector X2 of the EMUR control unit to ground, or short-circuit contacts 6 and 7 (Fig. 26). There is no 6th pin in connector X2, so we installed a piece of white wire there and connected it to the 7th pin (ground).

Let's look at the EMUR circuit for a more detailed understanding.

Tips for motorists

On the left side of the instrument cluster of the Lada Kalina passenger car, there is a tachometer, from which the driver can determine the engine speed. Malfunctions in the electrical circuit of this device can lead either to a complete cessation of its readings (the tachometer needle is at zero when the engine is running), or to jumps in the needle on the scale, which does not allow determining the exact number of crankshaft revolutions.

The first thing drivers do in this case is open the hood and remove the negative terminal of the battery for a couple of minutes, thus trying to clear errors from the controller’s memory. If this does not help restore the tachometer to working order, then it is necessary to conduct a diagnostic test to identify error numbers. To do this, use your finger to press the button, which resets the daily mileage in the instrument cluster odometer. And without releasing it, turn the key in the ignition switch to the “ignition on” position.

All instrument needles must begin to move from the zero position to the final position and back. If the tachometer needle does not start moving or starts moving but does not return to its original position, this will indicate that the malfunction is located inside the instrument cluster. Considering that the stepper motors, with the help of which the tachometer needle moves, and circuit boards are not available for retail sale, the entire instrument cluster assembly will have to be changed.

If the tachometer passes the test, then the fault will have to be looked for outside the instrument cluster. On their own, most drivers can only check the condition of the terminals in the tachometer electrical circuit blocks, since this can be done visually. First of all, you need to check terminal No. 30 of the low-voltage tachometer input, which should be connected to the brown-red wire coming from the electronic control unit (ECU). To do this, you will need to remove the instrument cluster by disconnecting the wiring harness block from it. Terminal No. 30 should not be bent or show signs of corrosion.

Electric power steering Lada Kalina

The electric power steering in the Lada Kalina is designed to provide increased comfort while driving. The car itself has only recently appeared on the domestic market, but has managed to gain considerable popularity. The car is quite practical and convenient, which allows it to have a wide army of fans. The cost of the model is low, which ensures favorable positioning in the market compared to competitors in the class. In this article we will talk about malfunctions and ways to eliminate them.

What does Kalina's power steering consist of?

This unit is an independent device included in the steering mechanism of the Lada Kalina. It allows the driver to turn the steering wheel without much effort, and also ensures softness and smooth operation of the moving parts of the steering system.

Structurally, this mechanism cannot be classified as complex units. The electric power steering has the following parts:

• electric motor;
• gear unit;
• control module;
• sensors that monitor the torque, speed and number of revolutions made by the crankshaft.

The Lada Kalina on-board controller continuously monitors the functioning of this amplifier and controls its operation, but malfunctions do occur and many car owners are very interested in how to eliminate them. The mechanism is activated at engine speeds of 400 rpm. When the speed exceeds 60 km per hour, the electric booster stops functioning. This is done for the sake of safety, because at high speeds the driver must have confident feedback on the steering wheel, which a “light” steering wheel is not able to provide. With increasing speed, a gradual decrease in the magnitude of the force in the mechanism is observed.

EUR malfunctions and their diagnosis

Despite the simplicity of the design of the unit we are considering, if the need for repair arises, it is difficult to carry out; there are different malfunctions and the methods of elimination are often complex. An important “aggravating” circumstance is the poor location of the mechanism. The manufacturer placed this module directly under the radiator of the LADA Kalina interior heating circuit.

Operation in cold weather has a temperature effect on the electric power steering. Over time, this factor causes malfunctions in the amplifier. This phenomenon is very common for Lada Kalina. If a unit fails, the driver immediately feels it becomes more difficult to control the car at low speeds. The most common factors leading to electrical amplifier malfunctions can be grouped into the following areas:

• the speed sensor “does not respond” and does not send signals to the ECU;
• the on-board network “suffers” from low voltage;
• the maximum speed has exceeded the permissible limit;
• The control module has become unusable.

The identified malfunctions and solutions will be discussed below. When the ignition is turned on, the ECU independently diagnoses the amplifier system for possible failures and malfunctions. If there is no signal from any of the sensors, the on-board controller automatically identifies this sensor as faulty, and the corresponding lamp on the display on the front panel of the cabin immediately lights up. This indicator looks like a steering wheel with an exclamation mark and is highlighted in orange.

The instructions supplied by the factory to the LADA Kalina car require immediate repairs if a malfunction is detected in the electric power steering mechanism, especially when the power is turned off. In such a situation, the driver should drive to the service center at low speed.

Practice shows that this development of events does not always take place. An orange symbol on the dashboard may not indicate the need for repair procedures. It indicates the presence of a problem in one of the structural components of the system. Sometimes failures can occur in the supply circuit or one of the sensors has failed.

These situations do not in any way affect the functionality of the node, and control control remains active.

If the steering wheel, after the indicated symbol is illuminated, has lost sensitivity, then a malfunction of this kind is considered quite dangerous, since it interferes with the normal functioning of the mechanism as a whole; it is also bad when the amplifier is turned off. Such problems arise quite often and really require urgent intervention.

Ignoring this state of affairs may be associated with dire consequences for the LADA Kalina car. In order to quickly respond to a problem that has arisen, we quickly remove the fuse located in the panel block on the left side of the steering wheel. This measure prevents further damage to the electrical amplification system, since it completely deactivates it.

You can go to the repair site, but you will need to apply more force to the steering wheel, because the amplifier is no longer functioning.

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About qualified electric amplifier replacement

If there is a need to replace the mechanism when the ESD does not work, we recommend contacting experienced technicians. When the car is under warranty, the most rational measure would be to contact the dealer network to resolve the problem.

There are situations that do not allow you to resort to these two methods of eliminating an amplifier malfunction. Then the only solution will be to manually replace the mechanism that has become unusable.

Let us immediately make a reservation that the replacement process if the EUR does not work is characterized by sufficient complexity. To carry it out successfully, you will need experience and the possession of special tools. Unqualified replacement actions can aggravate the scale of the breakdown, which will entail a significant waste of money on more expensive repairs in service conditions.

Before the actual replacement procedure, we recommend that you carefully study the entire list of features and actions if the ESD does not work. Here you will need to delve into the connection diagram of the unit, which will avoid damage to the electrical components of the mechanism.

To remove the amplifier, partial disassembly of the front panel of the Lada Kalina is necessary. After this, the device itself must be disconnected from the entire list of supply wires. Sometimes owners repair the electric power steering, avoiding the need to replace it with a new unit. As a rule, after a complex of restoration work, standard devices work no worse than their new counterparts.

Causes of malfunction

So, basically the malfunction appears due to disassembling the instrument cluster. On many forums, car owners complain that after disassembling the panel, this defect appeared.

But this may not be the only reason . Let's consider the main ones:

• The tachometer control motor burned out.
• The tachometer controller has failed.
• Error in the electronic control unit.
• Part of the instrument cluster board was burnt.

Thus, the main problems have been found.

Disassembling the dashboard

Treatment methods

In order for the tachometer needle to return to its place, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of this effect. So, let's look at how to treat various malfunctions with your own hands:

1. The motor burned out. It is necessary to unscrew the panel and unsolder the element contacts. Check the resistance, which should be 300 ohms. If necessary, clean the contacts and solder the motor back. If this does not work and there is no resistance, then you need to install a new motor.
2. Tachometer controller . If the motor is sealed and the tachometer does not return, then you need to find the control controller and check it. Replace if necessary.

Now we know how to eliminate the causes of the malfunction.

How can I lubricate and adjust the EUR?

How and with what to lubricate the amplifier?

Litol can be used as a lubricant; the procedure is performed as follows:

1. First you need to remove the plastic casing; to do this, unscrew the bolts that secure it. To unscrew, use a Phillips head screwdriver. It is also advisable to remove the lower cross member of the instrument panel, located under the steering wheel.
2. Next, unscrew the two bolts that secure the amplifier itself; for this you will need a 13mm wrench. After this, the column can be released down.
3. Unscrew another bolt, after which you can do the actual lubrication.
4. First, the steering wheel is turned to the left until it stops. The lubricant is poured into a 10 cc syringe, which needs to be sprayed into the hole formed. You need to throw out all 10 cubes.
5. Then the steering wheel is turned to the right until it stops - the syringe is again directed into the hole, all the lubricant is sprayed out.
6. After this, the steering wheel should be turned to the middle position and again sprinkled with lubricant into the hole.
7. Next, the steering wheel must be turned in different directions until it stops several times. The lubrication operation is repeated again.
8. Then all the components are assembled in reverse order.

Why doesn't the tachometer work on the VAZ 21099?

Indications of various engine operating parameters displayed on the VAZ 21099 dashboard allow you to monitor its operation in various operating modes.
Incorrect operation or failure of one of these indicators deprives the driver of visual control over the key characteristics of the engine. Such a malfunction can subsequently cause serious damage to engine components and parts.

One of these devices is the tachometer. It is used to record the rotation speed of the crankshaft. What to do if the tachometer of the VAZ 21099 does not work?

Why does the tachometer needle jump and what should I do?

Every driver knows that there is a device called a tachometer on the dashboard of a car. However, the principle of its operation, what exactly it measures is not known to everyone. The tachometer is a very important device in a car. It shows the engine crankshaft speed, that is, it actually shows the efficiency of the car engine. But this is only one of the functions of this device. Based on its indicators (the tachometer needle jumps or displays incorrect results), one can draw conclusions about the presence of certain malfunctions in the car.

The ECU on Kalina is filled with antifreeze - what to do?

After the block filled with antifreeze has been removed, its initial inspection should be carried out. For these purposes, it is necessary to remove 4 screws using a star screwdriver. Then you should slowly remove the control board for a visual inspection. The most common failure is the burnout of the ignition coil output switch. In this case, repair will not help.

As a result of such a malfunction, the Lada Kalina starts working on only 2 cylinders, and sometimes refuses to start at all. You can cope with a similar problem in a stationary workshop. There they will remove the damaged element, wash and dry it. The second most common problem is board burnout. It is not difficult to detect such a defect: the characteristic blackening of the board will leave no doubt.

Is it possible to repair the ECU in this case? The answer to this question can only be given by a service center, but experience shows that repairs will not help here. A complete replacement is required. It happens that sometimes the brain circuitry is slightly damaged. If this happens, then the car owner can get off easy. To restore the car to working order, you will need some minor repairs:

1. wipe the block with a dry cloth;
2. rinse with WD-40 several times and blow it out with a compressor;
3. rinse several times in alcohol and blow again with a compressor;
4. dry well, otherwise the Lada Kalina will not move;
5. drying takes at least 1-2 hours.